Looking for:
Download kms windows 10 terbarukan adalah
You have made my day! Thx again. Fantastic site. A lot of useful information here. And naturally, thanks in your effort! Also visit my page: info there tinyurl. I think this is among the most vital info for me.
And i am glad reading your article. But wanna remark on few general things, The website style is ideal, the articles is really great : D.
Good job, cheers. My web site … info in, tinyurl. Do like it! I want to start a website. It will be asking for money only to fund the seminars associated with holding meetings for the clients and for mailouts. How should I go about setting that up?. The team was formed in under the name Samarkand, as a successor club of the disbanded Jeeps Samarkand Sport Samarkand. After a few years on the football market, Tashkent decided to be a professional team by the end of Though the RGS file type is different than a script, a.
Phone Finder is the replacement for Microsoft Office Phone List, which is unable to sync multiple devices and create large data transfers. You can easily extract the downloaded files to your system by clicking the Download button, or save them for offline use by clicking the Save button.
It extracts the video file from the webpage of a YouTube Video. Supports just about any type of video you may find on YouTube. On the flip side, in absence of such an app, your preferred firmware can easily be extracted into a more suitable image file, allowing you to make use of your original content. We hope that these tips and tricks will be most helpful in regards to your own firmware experience, where everything you think you need to know about this subject is contained within this article, and its accompanying video guides.
The application is available in the Components Tab. Simple Photo Studio is a camera filter for Windows. Several different effects can be applied to both single and multiple photos. All the technical information is displayed in table or chart format. Click the link below to find out more about this app. In addition to boasting a versatile working environment, the tool features a clean look, easy-to-use application design, comprehensive configuration functions and handy workflows. Advanced Serial Data Logger 4.
The tool offers support for real-time information collection from any serial device or instrument. This plugin allows you to do this by generating harmonics by combining the standard notes from different scales and analyzing where they occur in relation to the pitch. You can use this method to generate additional instruments, kick drums, added effects, and any other instrument or sound that has not yet been created.
Return to our portal, to find the latest versions of your favorite Free and paid software, games, apps, themes, extensions, tools and various types of resources for home and professional use.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher. GeoCoder writes a Java program to add GeoIDs to your data and provides the necessary parsing of XML and other things to generate metadata about your data.
For a specific ZIP e. Deployment and management features allow you to scale ISDevOps and help it become stable across clusters. Architectural design features include hardened service discovery, load balancing, and multiple security implementations. AppFlow Migration in Spring 4. In DevOps Competency Matrix?
The Hangman Solver Mobile app turns your Android phone into an electronic copy of the classic Hangman game. It allows you to indulge in classic features such as playing a game of Hangman against a friend or a random opponent in all 50 states. The new version also boasts all-new features such as draw a sequence and create your own set of playing cards….
Registry Fast enables you to clean the Windows Registry swiftly and regularly. Registry problems such as invalid file associations, font entries and invalid shortcuts make many applications run slow. Some programs only start with errors if their Registry keys are misspelled. Registry Fast searches the Windows Registry system for invalid keys and fixes them in seconds. With Registry Fast you can fix invalid keys by yourself. Splash screens are traditionally a small graphical or digital screen with an image or video displayed during the boot of Windows or before windows logins.
These screens can vary from a couple seconds of a window showing up, to more complex explanations such as choosing your resolution, updating, or an alternative startup or login screen. I did then again experience a few technical issues the usage of this web site, since I experienced to reload the web site lots of times previous to I could get it to load properly. I have been thinking about if your hosting is OK? Make sure you replace this once more soon..
Wow, fantastic weblog layout! How long have you been running a blog for? The total look of your site is fantastic, as smartly as the content! Magnat Classic Bedienungsanleitung Wifi Cracker Tool -version 3. Sam Broadcaster V3. Plagius Detector de plagio 2. Photo Stitcher 1. Legend Of Red Dragon 4. These are truly enormous ideas in concerning blogging. You have touched some fastidious things here. Any way keep up wrinting. Hello, just wanted to say, I enjoyed this blog post.
Keep on posting! Here is my page do decor o ha noi. This review was originally published in Dosdevices. Alternatively, copy to the program files directory and then run it from there. The numerous options enable to start a new word, with a neater or different translation, up to ease translation using alternative words. Epiphora is most often a benign entity involving the naso-lacrimal apparatus in children; it is generally treated by probing and irrigation. In some cases, it should be actively treated with lacrimal surgery.
All the mysqldump commands can be generated by the phpMyAdmin program. This application is a relational database administration program. Games like Double Dragon may not have the most hardware-intensive textures, but they need that Action Replay to actually be playable. Free Proxy Verifier is an ideal tool for anyone who wants to do a quick and easy check on proxies without it having too much impact on system performance.
We suggest it when you want to check proxies for the website behind a limited number of websites. The MusicLists integrates seamlessly into Pleny of your music player. Just select a MusicList and you will find the list with the songs similar to the song that you are listenin to. The graphical layout is great! Some people claim that this player is plug-in for iTunes. What would you do if your Google Apps data is accidentally deleted or hacked?
This happens to everyone at some point of time. Act now and get a backup of your valuable GMail and Google Apps data with ease. NFBGBackup is a innovative all in one backup, search and restore solution for your personal Google account. I think what you said was very reasonable. But, info what [ bit. In my opinion, it might bring your posts a little livelier.
Steve Dennis is passionate and a bit crazy. And he did so when I knew him best: when he lived at about two hours south of his current home.
This all-in-one utility allows you to check…. Convert4You File Manager is a nice file manager that allows users to search through their folder list with either local or online search engines.
The program has an intuitive, easy-to-use interface and is simple to use when converting media files. There are only two main windows that you can use to perform conversions. There is the file conversion window and the settings window. The file conversion window is where you can use your presets to convert your files. Manage everything Manage everything… everything. With Admin Pro, you can control virtually everything about your rental property, including the number of guests, the rent, repairs, vendors, and more.
Annoying TalkBot for DC are based on a self-booting, self-updating runtime, the runtime is available only for direct connect chat clients and only for Windows.
The main features of the runtime are: 1. And this application can do this job by tuning with kernel ARP table. It shows the advantage of not having full information about the parameters of the loan because you can calculate it without having to fill in all the blanks. Once the object has been created in this program you can zoom and rotate the model from simple clicks.
Model finalization is also included to modify meshes or the appearance of the model. Finally, TeamSpeak offers some alternatives to justify the occasional subscription fee to its unlimited clients offer. AudioRecord provides you with a simple way to record sound, such as voice, from user interface or other audio source and play them back as WAV file.
I am sure this post has touched all the internet people, its really really good post on building up new blog. Do you have any tips and hints for beginner blog writers? Any feedback sent to the code. If you want to discuss the development of this distribution or ask questions related to the project, then go ahead and join the group.
Protect your online activities from being tracked and monitored. With the constant development of the Internet, even the most amorous sessions can be accessed by cyber-criminals. That is why, the security of online relationships is of high importance.
We strongly recommend you to remove it and only install the application if you really want to use it. Ingin Jadi Raja Ternak? Simak Informasi Berikut 7. Tertarik Keteknikan Pertanian? Simak Penjelasannya 3. Kamu Berprestasi? Serah Terima Jabatan Dekan Fateta 6. Perkuat Konsep Pembangunan Agromaritim 4.
Prof Dr Indra Jaya: Revolusi 4. Dengan Smartkandang. MPKMB 4. Rektor Paparkan Agromaritim 4. Isu Ketimpangan Gender dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan 7. Tantangan dan Kebijakan Pendampingan Perhutanan Sosial 5. Perspektif Ekologi Manusia untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan 2. Vote Buying di Indonesia mencapai 24 Persen pada Tahun 4. Biaya Logistik Indonesia Termahal di Asia 9. Kemitraan Kehutanan, Penyelamat Kebangkrutan Perusahaan. Merawat Kamera Underwater di Masa Pandemi 6.
Both force and distance are needed before work gets done. Energy is the capacity to do work. Or the ability to employ a force that moves something through a distance. Or performs some exact electrical, thermal, chemical, or whatever equivalent to mechanical work.
Power is the time rate of doing work. Thus, energy is “how much” and power is “how fast”. Kinetic energy is the Stored energy, or energy energygy contained in a that is “waiting g to happen”, pp moving mass or in a or that has the “potential” moving particle. Can we to happen, or that can call this “happening happen but hasn’t yet.
Also you know about Joules, BTU, kilowatt, hp etc. Refrigeration Passenger and Elec. Except in the form of food, no one needs or wants energy as such. No one wants to eat coal or uranium, drink oil, directly connected to an electricity supply supply.
Principally those are: Heat, lighting, motive power, power for p communication and computing. Sistem minyak dan gas bumi b. Solar energy is radiation from the sun used to create both heat and electricity. Wind energy technology uses wind turbines to generate electricity. Water energy uses fast- flowing water controlled by hydroelectric dams to create electricity.
Anaerobic digestion is biological degradation of organic material without oxygen present resulting in a combustible gas. Desimal: terdiri atas 10 digit 2. Biner: terdiri atas 2 digit 0 dan 1 Dimensi 1. Dimensi dasar: panjang L , waktu T , massa M 2. Sistem Internasional 2. Sistem Inggris 3. Lbf lbm. Untuk memudahkan pengumpulan data yang cukup dan dapat dipercaya untuk perencanaan proyek rekayasa 3. Untuk memahami dan menghitung p secara lebih baik suatu ketidakpastian struktur dan produk rekayasa 4.
Untuk mengendalikan kualitas kerja manusia dan material dalam konstruksi dan perakitan. Tentukan laju panas yang dihasilkan! Tentukan massa produk atas dan produk bawah! Dalam pembakaran heptana, dihasilkan CO2.
Berapa banyak heptana yang harus dibakar per jam? Reaksi pembatas b. Persentase kelebihan mol c. Derajat penyelesaian fraksi d. Persen konversi e. Proses untuk menghilangkan air dari bahan padat terdiri atas sentrifuga dan dryer. Berapa jumlah air yang dihilangkan selama 24 jam? Hasil analisis ultimat batubara sebagai berikut: Hitunglah: a. HHV b. Bahan-bahan bakar untuk kendaraan bermotor selain bensin sedang dipertimbangkan karena bahan-bahan tersebut menimbulkan tingkat polutan yang lebih rendah dari pada bensin.
Propana manpat telah diusulkan sebagai sumber bahan bakar yang ekonomis untuk untuk kendaraan. Berapa persen kelebihan udara? Gaya merupakan besaran vektor yang memiliki besar dan arah. Vektor gaya, F, memiliki besar N dan membentuk sudut 30o terhadap p bidang g horizontal. Tentukan besar gaya terhadap sumbu x dan sumbu y! Tentukan gaya reaksi yang diberikan oleh kedua roller tersebut! Tentukan gaya reaksi pada titik G dan tegangan kabel! Batang silinder sepanjang 40 cm harus menahan gaya sebesar 20 kN.
Berapa diameter yang harus dimiliki batang tersebut jika tegangan yang terjadi tidak melebihi MPa? Asumsikan pada soal 1 pertambahan panjang yang diizinkan 0. Tentukan diameter batang tersebut! Tentukan jarak yang ditempuh sebelum benda berhenti! Pada rangkaian dibawah ini, tentukan: a. Arus listrik i1 b. Penurunan tegangan melewati R4 c. Berapa energi yang dibutuhkan? Hukum Kirchoff Sebuah generator digunakan untuk menggerakkan motor listrik dengan arus sebesar 8 A dan baterai V. Tentukan back-emf motor Em , i2 dan i1.
Pengantar 2. Tujuan dan Outcome 3. Lingkup Kuliah 4. In ebr ar a memorand m of nderstandin as si ned b the Governor of TT the B patis of the fo r mba kabupaten and ivos to ork to ether on the reali ation of the Iconic Island ob ective n the basis of this these local overnments and other stakeholders no ointl plan and coordinate their pro rams and pro ects took the lead in developin a comprehensive pro ram road map and desi ned a taskforce str ct re ivos has cond cted several st dies on the feasibilit of movin to rene able ener s ppl to mba incl din st dies on off rid and rid electricit s ppl and biof el prod ction.
At a national seminar or ani ed b and ivos in ebr ar ass med f ll responsibilit for mba Iconic Island ob ectives and the implementation of the oad ap The initiative has evolved into a m lti stakeholder ndertakin led b the Directorate General of e and ene able ner and ner onservation ithin the inistr of ner and ineral eso rces in partnership ith ivos the provincial overnment of sa Ten ara Tim r the fo r districts of mba2 collectivel referred to henceforth as emda mba from Pemerintah Daerah Sumba the tate lectricit ompan the Indonesian national tilit other overnment ministries and non overnment or ani ations the private sector and development partners incl din the Asian Development Bank the Government of or a A ence ran aise de D veloppement A D and Danida The illenni m hallen e Acco nt Indonesia is also f ndin activities that s pport the Iconic Island vision.
The pro ram and involvement of stakeholders is formali ed thro h a decree iss ed ann all b the Directorate General of e and ene able ner and ner onservation and more recentl b the inister of ner and ineral eso rces This decree desi nates the composition and roles of the members of the II task force The most recent decree has been iss ed as Decree of the inister of ner and ineral eso rces o 55 3 D dated 2 A st Activities cond cted d rin the 2 5 ears of the TA follo ed the tasks o tlined at the Inception orkshop hibit 1 1 identifies the reports iss ed over the co rse of the TA that cover the activit flo presented at the Inception orkshop These reports can be do nloaded from s mbaiconicisland or In addition a ebGI as created sho in c rrent ener reso rces and infrastr ct re on mba as ell as options for f t re development This ebGI can be accessed at http castlerockasia com s mba sii html.
E ibit : Report o erage o ro ect Acti ities. InceptionReport Task1. These pro ects ere presented at an Investor or m cond cted on 15 December at the ermita e otel akarta The event as attended b more than private investors state o ned enterprises and overnment co nterparts from both central and re ional overnments hapter 5 contains the presentations from the event. Biomasscharacteristics LamtoroGung Identifiedapotentiallocalcompanyorcommunitywhichcanoperateandmaintainthe plantinthelongterm TheobjectivesofthepreFSistomakeafirst evaluationwithrespecttoeconomicallyviable,sustainableandrecommendabletobuildabiomass powerplantinSumbaIslandwithbiomasssuppliedfromaplantationforest.
ThepreFSstudyincludedanassessmentof: Marketconsiderationsfortheproductandthebiomassfeedstock Theavailablesupplyofbiomassfeedstock Organizationalstructurefordevelopmentandoperationofabiomassplant Plantsize,location,andtechnologytobeused Environmentalandeconomicconsiderations Projectedfinancialoutcomes. Being designed as an Iconic Island for utilizing renewable energy for electricity generation, Sumba Island posesses several renewable energy resources potential such as hydro, biomass, wind and solar.
However, its availability has made it unattractive for power plantfeedstockduetotheseasonalvariationandclimateoftheIslandaswellasconstraintforrice huskcollection. Otherresiduesfromcassava,coconut,candlenutandcorncob are constrained by its availability and collection method, thereby they are not considered as potentialfuelforelectricitygeneration.
Theproductionofbiomassinfastgrowing,shortrotationtreeplantations,isconsideredanoptionto meetthetargetsoftheSumbaiconicisland. Toreleasethepressureondependenceonfossilfuel, theonlywaytoincreasebiomassproductiononthelongtermisthroughtheestablishmentoffast growingtreeplantations. TheutilizationofsuchbiomassresourcewouldcontributetotheprogramofSumbaasthe IconicIsland,wherepowergenerationshallbedevelopedfromrenewableenergy.
ItisrecommendedtofurtherconsidergasificationtechnologyforpowergenerationfromLamtoro Gungbiomassutilizinggasengineforgeneratingelectricityfromsyngas. The study presents information on estimation of biomass fuel availability and costs, power generationcapacitybasedongasificationtechnology. The financial summary shows that the project is financially feasible for a Biomass Gasification generating1MWelectricityforgridtobebuiltononeofthefouridentifiedpotentialprojectsites exceptSite1,wherethemostimportantandsensitivefactoristheelectricitysellingtariffthatwas.
Site4isthemostfavourable one in the financial sense as it has the shortest connection with the grid. The development will provideeconomicbenefittothelocalcommunitiesaswellaspeopleoftheSumbaIsland. The interest in converting biomass to electricity comes not only from its potential as a lowcost, indigenous supply of power, but for its potential environmental and developmental benefits. For example,biomassmaybeagloballyimportantmitigationoptiontoreducetherateofCO2buildup bysequesteringcarbonandbydisplacingfossilfuels.
Renewablygrownbiomasscontributesonlya verysmallamountofcarbontotheatmosphere. Locally,plantationscanlessensoilerosion,provide a means to restore degraded lands, offset emissions and local impacts from fossilfired power generation e.
Inadditiontothedirectpowerandenvironmentalbenefits,biomass energysystemsoffernumerousotherbenefits. Someofthesebenefitsincludetheemploymentof underutilizedlabourandtheproductionofcoandbyproducts e.
Issues Plantation establishment is a critical phase of a biomass energy project, since the timing of wood supplymustbecoordinatedwiththeconstructionofacomplexandexpensivepowerplant. Mistakes or miscalculations at any one of many stages can result in expensive delays in power generation.
Issues that must be addressed include: site preparation, seedling or cutting supply and quality, availability of required soil microorganisms, nursery operation, spacing of plantings, fertilization, watering, weed control, road construction, protection of nursery stock and plantings from insect pests,disease,animals,humans,fire,andotherthreats.
Biomass is an organic matter sourced originally from plants, produced through photosynthesis, and is not convertedintofossil likecoal. Biomasscontainsstoredchemicalenergytobeconvertedintoheat, electricity,andtransportationfuel,orevenasfeedstockforbiomassbasedproducts. One of many biomass benefits is that this energy source is renewable in characteristic. Biomass sources include woods, agricultural residues, dedicated crops, plantation wastes, and solid waste suchasmunicipalsolidwaste.
Amongadvantagesoftheutilizationofbiomassasenergybesidesits renewablefuelsourcearehelpingtoreducefossilfueldependencyandreducingGreenhouseGases emissions. Theneedtotoreplacefossilfuelswithrenewablebiomassfuel particularlyfueloil inIndonesiais becomingimportantlatelyconsideringlimitedfossilfuelresources,increasingfossilfuelprice,and especially on the countrys energy security concern and global warming issue.
The government of Indonesia has commited to replace fossil fuel oil with renewable one, biofuel produced from biomass. The developmentandutilizationofbiomassasenergysourceisinlinewiththeimplementationactivity ofthedevelopmentprogramofSumbaIslandasrenewableenergyIco. BasedonidentificationcarriedoutonthisIsland,biomassenergy fromenergyplantation isoneof proposed potential renewable energy sources to contribute to the program. By , biomass energyistargetedtocontributetoacapacityof10MWinelectricitygeneration.
Inordertoachieve thistarget,asecureandsustainablebiomasssupplyofrequiredfeedstockmustbedevelopedand established. BearinginmindtothelowbiomasspotentialfromagriculturalandplantationwastesintheIsland, only biomass from energy plantation could provide enough biomass for energy generation to contribute to the fulfillment of energy demand in Sumba Island. The development of a plantation devoted to an energy generation would offer enough biomass and at the same time securing sufficient feedstock for supplying to biomass power generation in Sumba.
One of steps of the utilizationofbiomassenergyforelectricitygenerationisperformingaPreFeasibilityStudy. Thedevelopmentoftheplantwillsupporttheincreaseinelectrificationratio andrenewableelectricitygenerationontheIslandofSumba. Objective The key objective of this Prefeasibility study is to make a first evaluation with respect to economically viable, sustainable and recommendable to build a biomass power plant in Sumba Islandwithbiomasssuppliedfromaplantationforest.
Attheendofthispreparationofthisstudy,optionsfordevelopingofsuchbiomasspowerplantshall bepresentedasinputstostakeholdersindeterminingenergygenerationfromrenewableenergyin thisIsland.
Background Sumba Islandhasbeenselectedasan Iconic Island whererenewablesources aretobedeveloped andusedforfulfillingenergydemandintheIsland,therebysubstitutesfossilfueldependency. Through the development, the share of renewable energy for electricity generationcouldgraduallyincreaseandfinallysubstitutetheuseoffossilfuel. Among renewable sources existed in the Island, biomass from energy plantation is potentially developedforfuelasthesourceofbiomassplantiseaslyfoundandgrowintheIsland,considering the climate of the area and its soil type.
The option for energy plantation is considered desirable sincethebiomassusedforpowergenerationdoesnotjeopardiselocalfoodsecurityand provides benefitsforlocalpopulation,particularlytoeconomicdevelopment.
A continue supply of biomass for power plant is required for maintaining a continue electricity generation. This means that biomass supply security must be considered prior to developing a biomasspowerplant. ProjectCharacteristics EarlystudyofSumbaIslandhasshowedthatthisIslandhasrelativelysignificantbiomasspotential fromfoodcropsresidues. However,itsavailabilityisscatteredinmanyareasmakingitimpractical and inefficient financially not feasible for using as fuel.
Other potential biomass sources for fuel fromthisareaisbiomassfromforestplantationthatisespeciallygrownforbeingusedforenergy generationorcommonlyusedtermasenergyplantation. Easy grown plant type with high productivity is required for an energy plantation development.
Leucana Leucochephala Lamtoro Gung has been identified from the study initial site survey to growinmanyareasinthisIslandwhichis covered majoritywitharidland. Therefore,this plantis selectedandarecommendedbiomasstypeforanenergyplantation. However,since the biomass for the power generation will be sourced from an energy plantation that is to be managedbyathirdparty,suchcompetitioncouldbeminimized.
Moreover,itwouldreducebiomass pricefluctuationasthebiomasswillbeobtainedfromapredeterminedagreementwiththethird partyasthebiomassproducer. Other issue to be considered is the location of biomass source from biomass power plant project site. A reasonable distance of biomass source is required for an acceptable transport price and a feasibleproject.
Biomassforenergy generationhasbeenwidelydevelopedaroundtheworldwithcapacityproject rangevariesfromlowerthankWtooverMW. Agridconnectedbiomasspowerprojectsare generally above 5 MW, while off grid projects are typically kW. Mostaresmall,rangingfromkWto1MW,and useawidevarietyoffeedstocks,includingagriculturalwaste,humanandanimalwaste,andJuliflora, acommonlegumewoodyweed. Woody biomass has been developed for power generation for more than MW using either combustion or gasification technologies.
Capacity factors assumed to be in the range of The selection for a grid or nongrid connection depends basically on local electricity supply and demand.
A biomass offgrid project is financially feasible if its electricity generation cost is lower. Meanwhile, a gridconnected biomass power plant will be financiallyfeasibleifitcouldgetbenefitfromgridstariff.
The selection of the Island as the iconic one was based on an early assessment conducted by HIVOS which indicated that the Island had abundant new and renewableenergypotential. Local government regulation of Sumba Timur Regency No 12 of on the Spatial Planning of Sumba Timur Regecy year contains spatial planning structure of Sumba Timur regency which includes the development of energy sources and transmissions systems. This regulation has also set about spatial planning strategy on increasing capacity and electricity service through development of renewable energy PLTA and PLTM , performing assessment and development of interconnection systems of interregional regencies inSumbaIsland.
Other strategy is by increasing electricity capacity and service through an interconnection system with other regencies in Sumba Island. Althoughthedevelopmentofbiomassasoneofrenewableenergysourcehasnotbeenspecifically mentionedinbothlocalgovernmentregulations,thedevelopmentofbiomasspowerplantincluded in the Iconic Island program would certainly in consistence with the development of renewable energyofSumbaTimurandSumbaTengahgovernments. Thecompanyshall usepotentialnaturalresourcessuchaswater,solar,windandbiomassa.
According to MEMR, the government has been continuing to develop distributed electricity generationinlikedistributedsolarpowerplants,windpowerplant,hydropowerplants,1MW biomasspowerplantinSumbaBaratDayaanddistributedBiogas. The peak loadfromtheIslandisapproximately Theoperationofthisplantwillcontributetothe achievementprogramofSumbaasIconicIsland.
ExpectedprojectImpactandfuelsustainability Inanefforttohelpstakeholdersinthedecisionmakingprocess,thissection subsection explores theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofproducingandutilizingwoodybiomassasfeedstockforpower generation. The followings are expected positive impacts and possibly negative impacts on local community, economyandenvironment:. Localcommunitywouldbenefitfromincreasingthereliabilityoravailability ofelectricity. Biomassutilizationwouldcreateandretentlocaljobsinruraleconomies ItisestimatedthatdirectemploymentforabiomasspowerplantisfivetosixpersonperMW installed capacity.
Moreover, biomasscontainsminimalsulphur,therebyavoidingSO2emissionswhichcouldcauseacidrain. Introducing biomass for energy plantation would help avoiding of land degradation such as erosionandbecomingdesert desertification. Once a site is chosen, the next key to the success of the energy plantation is the selection of genetically superior tree species, varieties or clones suitable for the climate, soils, and desired productsoftheenergyplantationplantation. Mostspeciesachievetheirbestgrowthunderafairly narrowrangeofclimateandsoilconditions,andfailuretomatchspeciestositehasbeenthecause of the failure of many plantation projects.
Even within a species that is suited to a particular site, therecanbegreatvariationinthegrowthandwoodcharacteristicsfromdifferentseedsourcesor regionswithinthespeciesrange. Thelargest,cheapest,andfastestgainsinmosttreeimprovement programscanbemadebyassuringtheuseoftheproperspeciesandseedsourceswithinspecies. Key to producing lowcost biomass is the land base and the quality of sites, which determine to a significant extent the degree of site preparation necessary; the choice of species, spacings and cutting cycles; required cultural management and soil amendments fertilization, weed control, animalcontrol,andpestmanagement ;andfueltransportandlogistics.
Its woody character has several advantages over agricultural wastes particularly in harvesting and storage. Such wastes would generally require short time frame for harvesting and pretreatmentbeforestoragecouldbedoneforprovidingyearroundbiomasssupply.
Itisatropicalspecieswhichgrowswellinareaswithannualrainfallrangingof mmandbestinwarmtemperaturesareas Cdaytemperatures andataltitudeofbelow m. This species tolerates to dry climates mm and to long drought periods of up to 67 months. In the combustion process, energy content, moisture content and chemical composition are the mostimportantbiomasscharacteristicsaffectingcombustionprocesses. This plant is preferred for wood fuel, and would be the primary candidate for any biomass fuel plantation in Sumba.
The species does best on calcareous soils12, such as those found on Sumba Island. BiomassproductioninSumbaIsland A gridconnected Lamtoro Gung wood fuelled power plant design would need to consider wood sources,woodavailability,locationofpowerplant,andtechnicalcharacteristicsoftheplantutilizing adoptedbiomassasfuel. Thus the knowledge base for establishing plantations in Indonesia is readilyavailableinadditiontothepromisingresultsofpreviousstudiesontheisland. Itneedsminimummm rainfall.
This information has been obtained from a report providedbytheIndonesianCentralBureau. SumbaTimurregency SumbaTimurregencyhastypicallyasemiaridclimate. Theaveragetemperatureinthisregencyin reached The highestaverageprecipitationwasinMarch,whilefromJunethroughOctobertherewasnorainfall at all.
SumbaTengahregency This regency is also known to have a semi arid climate. Dry season occurs from the month June throughSeptember,whilerainyseasonoccursnormallyfromDecemberthroughMarch.
Transition periodsoccurinmonthsAprilMayandOctoberNovember. Thus,8monthsinayearisrelativelydry inthisregency. Ananalysisbasedona30yearsclimatedataseries ontemperatureandrainfallshowed that the mean monthly temperature in Nusa Tenggara Timur and the monthly rainfall tend to increaseintherangeof0. Fromtheclimatecharacteristicinallregenciesdescribedabove,itwasconcludedthatLamtoroGung couldbasicallygrowthroughouttheIsland.
Theplantwasfoundtogrowinthesearea,asobserved fromthesitesurvey. Inorderto secureasupplyofthewood,LamtoroGungplantationshouldbeconsideredratherthancollectingit fromlocalareasthatgrowwildlyorareownedbyfarmers. BasedonthesitesurveyanddiscussionswiththelocalgovernmentofSumba Pemda andForestry Service, Sumba Tengah, Sumba timur, and Sumba Barat were found to be potential areas for Lamtoro Gung energy plantation. It was confirmed that there are available land areas in Sumba Timur, Sumba Tengah and Sumba Barat regencies for energy plantation.
Two locations were identifiedinSumbaTimur36,haand19,ha,onelocationinSumbaTengah 6,ha ,and onelocationinSumbaBarat 5,ha. Dariaspekklimatologi,KabupatenSumbaBaratdipengaruhiolehiklimmusondengan ratarata musim hujan dari 1. Curah hujan ini sudah dipengaruhiolehkondisihidrologidiKabupatenSumbaBarat. The Waikabubak system is supplied by generation mix consisting of diesel,hydro,andsolarpowerplantswithatotalinstalledcapacityof9. Ready to develop renewable energy in Sumba Island includes hydro potential The development of 1 MW biomass power plant in Waingapu seemstobechangedtoalatertimeinRUPTL,whichstatesthattheplantisallocatedto be commercial by However, this development is likely toexperience barrier so that it could notberealizedasexpected.
ExistingtransmissionlineinSumbaIslandissystemWaingapu,systemWaikabubakWaitabula,and systemisolatedsuppliedbya20kVfeederfrom PLN has started a program for the interconnection of the East and West systems via connection throughthenorthernandcentralroutes. Biomass power plant to be developed could provide electricity to local community or be sent to PLNsgridwhenlocaldemandisalreadyfulfilled.
Marketoptionsforbyproducts ExcessHeat:Anyexcessheatfromthepowerplantcouldbeutilizedforbiomassdryingduringpre processing.
FlyAsh Ash generated from biomass power plant could be used for fertilizer. However, this would need furtherconsiderationtodetermineitspotentialmarket. Theashandwasteproductsfromburningor gasificationwill,inmostcases,besufficientlybenigntoreturntothesoil.
Itisalso very valuable to have sitespecific research data on the yields that can be expected from the preferredspecies. The sitesforenergyplantationintheseregionsareownedbylocalgovernments. Table 4. The climate of this area would still be suitable for Lamtoro Gung energy plantation as it is locatedinnorthernpartofSumbaTimurhavinggenerallyarangeannualprecipitationof mmandanaltitudeoflessthanmasl.
Asin other proposed sites, Lamtoro Gung is expected to grow well in this area where dry season could reachupto8months. Theproposedsitealsocoversprotectionforestwhichcould beusedforenergyplantation.
No data of number of rainfall and number of rainy days in Umbu ratu Nggay Subdistrict also in SumbaTengahregency ,becauseinstrumentisnotyetavailable. SumbaTengahRegency hasonly twoseasons,dryseasonandrainyseason. OnJunetoSeptemberthewindflowwhichcontainslittle moisture,causedthedryseason. Onthecontrary,onDecembertoMarchthewindflowcontainsa greatdealofmoisture,causedtherainyseason. Thisconditionchangesandturnforahalfofyear, after passing, the transitional period on AprilMay and OctoberNovember.
Nevertheless, since SumbaTengahasnotsofarfromAustralia,thegreatdealofmoistureofwindflowcomesfromAsia andPasificOcean,hasreduceafterreachingSumbaTengaharea. AnditmakesSumbaTengahhas thedryareawhichisrelativelywetin4months JanuaryuntilAprilandDecember andtherestof8 monthsisdry. PlantationofLamtoroGunginthisareais expectedtoresultgoodquantityofwoodfordevelopingabiomasspowerplantinthisIsland. Asnotedinthetableabove,potentialareasfortheplantationsarelocatedinprotectedforestand productionforest.
However,theIndonesianforestrylawsandregulationsallowtheuseofProtected Forests Hutan Lindung and Production Forests Hutan Produksi for uses like forest energy plantations. TheprocessofusingProtectedandProductionforestsforthesepurposesisthroughapplicationto theMinistryofForestry. Anadditionalconversion of 2, ha from the protected forest at this Candidate location to community forest is being proposedbytheForestryOfficeofSumbaTimurtotheMinistryofForestry.
Anareaof4,isplannedforplantingofplanttypessuchaseucalyptus,turi,gamal, lamtoro shorttermplant ,andalsojati longtermplant.
Minister of Forestry Regulation P. Article 1 Utilizationofprotectedforestinformofareautilization,environmental serviceutilizationandcollectionofnontimberforestproduce. Article 1 Useofforestareauseintheinterestofdevelopmentbeyondforestry activitiescanonlybemadeinproductionforestareaandprotectedforestarea 25 ProtectedForestsandProductionForestscanbeusedforindustrialorcommercialtimberplantations,communityforest plantations or ecosystem services and nonforestry activities such as renewable energy, rightofway for electricity grid lines,etc.
RKUPHHKispreparedasaworkingplanforallworkingareaofIUPHHKforaperiodof 10 years, which must consider long term management plan KPH and should include among other forest sustainability aspect, business sustainability, environmental balance and social economy developmentoflocalcommunity. Inareaof4,hainSubdistrictLamboyawaslaterincludedasoneofcandidatesitesforenergy plantationinthisreport. Project site selectionisvitalinordertomakecapitalinvestmentaseffectiveaspossibleandtoobtainmaximum results.
Followingaremajorcriteriaforregionsuitabilityforelectrificationusingthebiomasspowersystem: a. StrongGovernmentprioritiesforregionalandcommunitydevelopment b. Localtransmissionlineinfrastructure locationrelativetotheexistinggrid d. An onsite survey was conducted based on the above criteria in conjunction with officials from relevantlocalgovernment,asaresultofwhichfourcandidatesiteswerechosen.
Larger power plant capacity will require more plantationarea. Unlikededicatedenergycrops,theadvantageofwoodybiomassforpowergenerationfuelisthatit doesnothavecriticalharvesttime. DesadesatersebutsaatiniberadadalamwilayahkecamatanKahaunguEtisebagaiKecamatanbaruyangmekardariKecamatan Paberiwai. Biomasssupplychain Thissectionwillprovidefeedstocksupplyprocesstobiomasspowerplantwhichwillincludethe following: 1.
Feedstocksupply 2. Managementpracticestoproduceforestbiomass 3. Harvestingsystem 4. Biomasssupplychainconsideredinthisreportincludesharvesting,transportation,storage,handling andfuelpreparationforpowerplant. As noted earlier in section 5. The provision of this fuel must be well planed and timely executedforacontinuedoperationofthepowerplant. BiomassfuelistobesourcedfromLamtoroGungplantationswhichareassumedtobemanagedby an authorized party appointed by government. The party shall facilitate and participate and coordinate in biomass supply chain.
It is also assumed that the party will also be responsible in biomass preparation wood harvesting and pretreatment. PT Usaha Tani Lestari has indicated willingnesstoestablishandcoordinatethewoodybiomasssupplychain. Lamtoro Gung is ready for harvesting after months consider as dedicated short rotation woodycrops SRWCs.
Lamtoroareprunedduringharvestingseasonandthe prunings branch areusedasamulchandNsource. The harvested log woods are processed into wood chips with size range of mm to suit to feedstocksizeforgasificationaftertransportedtobiomasspowerplantsite. Itisestimated10 workersareneededfor1MWplant,withworkersforfuelsupply. Thetreesarecuttolengthorleftwholeandareforwarded withgrappleloadersformovingtoalandingareafromwhichareloadedontotrucksfortransporting toapretreatmentfacility.
Incasethatexcessoflaborinthesurroundingplantationareaexistswith low wage rates and costly fuel, felling and forwarding could be performed manually. To be conservative,itisassumed,basedonseveralharvestratesfromreference,thataharvestrateof0.
But,thisvaluecouldbedifferentfromthe realplantationlateronatthecandidatesitesduetolocalsiteconditionssuchasplantationdensity, treesize,forwardingdistances,climate,season,topography.
For a combustion technology the quality of wood chips requires less than for a gasification technology. Inthegasification technology, wood fuel requires specific moisture content and size and sometimes also preferred feedstocke.
Therefore,additionaldrying,milling, chippingandscreeningareusedaspretreatments. The pretreatments of Lamtoro Gung wood to achieve the specification are drying, chippingandscreening. For a conversion system requires small sizes of wood as feedstock, the harvested wood can be chipped soon after harvesting. Instead,felledtreescanbestoredin whole form for storage and drying, thereby reduces decomposition losses.
Generally, it is known thatdrierwoodismoredifficulttochipandtoensureuniformsize. Moreover, high moisture content would reduce transportation efficiency and storage time durability. Transportation Transportation costs are the costs for transporting biomass from the forest landing to the power generationplant. Thetotalnumberoftripsrequiredtotransportwoodybiomassisestimatedfromthetotalamount of woody biomass available in candidate sites, biomass density, and the freight of truck arrangement.
This could anticipate seasonal variation in SumbaIslandwheredryseasonoccurnormallyfor8months fromApriltoNovember. Wood chips biomass could be stored outdoor in open area in piles. After field drying, outdoor storedwoodwouldbeexpectedtoonlyslightlyincreaseinmoisturecontentfromprecipitation. Thefollowingsaretobeconsideredindesigningfuelstoragefacilities,whichinclude: storageareawhichisclosetotheselectedconversionsystem boilerorgasifier ,characteristicsof wood fuel to be stored, additional feedstock preparation requirements, backup storage capacity, seasonalweathervariation,andoperationalrequirementsoftheselectedconversiontechnology.
A fuel feeding system would transfer wood from storage facility to a selected conversion system. WoodybiomassfromLamtoroGungplantationsisassumedtobepurchasedfromathirdpartythat isappointedbylocalgovernmentwhichisalsoresponsibleforthemanagementoftheplantations andharvesting. Stumpage,forestoperationalcostsandbiomasstransportationcostsare the costs thatdetermineddeliveredcost. To mitigate this potential problem, a just-in-time delivery system is used so that chips are seldom stored longer than 15 days and the pile height is held under 30 ft Springer ; McDonald and Twaddle Costcomponentofrevolvingloanfundasworkingcapital A.
Foodcropcost inaagroforestrypattern Ha 1,, TotalD 1,, E. Twooptionsareconsideredforwoodsupplyfromasupplier: Wooddeliveredtostoragefacilityintheformofwoodlog Inthis case,thepower plantinvestmentshouldincludefuelpretreatmentsfacility drying, chipping,andscreening.
Wooddeliveredtostoragefacilityintheformofwoodchip Thewoodchipwouldbedeliveredfromaselectedsuppliertodeliverwoodchipeitherby the tons, volume or energy content, depending on what is stated in an agreement of fuel supply. The supplier must provide wood chips according to the specification required for the selected technology.
Consistencyinsizeandmoisturecontentaswellasacontinueamountofsupplyis priority. Therefore, fuel quality control is highly necessary for smooth operation of the power plant. Aqualityassurancefromthesuppliershouldbeputintheagreementtoreducetroubles inoperatingthepowerplant. Biomass process would improve the characteristics of biomass as a fuel. The processes mainly involve the reduction of moisture content and improving characteristics of biomass.
The energy content of biomass is utilized through one of following three processes: physical, biological and thermochemical, of which biological and thermochemical are outside the scope of this pre feasibility. Physicalprocesses It is aimed at modification of the biomass feedstock to improve its fuel characteristics. Some methodsaregivenbelow:.
Particlesizereduction: Biomasssizemodificationthroughchippingandfabricationintopelletsfacilitateseasystorage andtransportation. Thisalsohelpsinachievingfuelcharacteristicsrequiredforcombustionor gasificationtechnology. Separation Screening : Separationprocesswouldberequired toscreenparticlesizeofbeyondthestandardforthe technologyadopted.
Drying: Drying process would include vaporisation of all or part of the water in the feedstock. Solar drying is one of the cheapest methods. Reduction of water content shall reduce energy consumption. Binding agentssuchasthermoplasticresinscanbeusedformanufacturingpellets. Supplementarybiomass There is no supplementary biomass is considered for the proposed biomass power plant. The biomassusedasfuelisonlyfromLamtoroGungwood. Biomassrisksmitigation Table5. Biomassrisksmitigationtobeconsidered Risks Mitigation Seasonal variation Feedstocksecurityofsupply Itisanticipatedthroughproviding climate Weather and seasonal variations alargebiomassbufferstocks.
Thiscouldanticipate seasonalvariationinSumbaIsland where dry season occur normally for 8 months. Wood can be harvested and stockpiled outdoors to warrant a continue fuel supply during monsoon or when harvesting activity is impossible. Disease Woody biomass production is Energy plantation that is largely prone to plant disease which may depending on the production of loweritsproduction.
Download kms windows 10 terbarukan adalah. ADB Sumba Final Report FINAL v2
It is associated with a long-term of energy supply sustainability and efforts to increase energy security. Among renewable sources existed in the Island, biomass from energy plantation is potentially developedforfuelasthesourceofbiomassplantiseaslyfoundandgrowintheIsland,considering the climate http://replace.me/21650.txt the area and its soil type. InceptionReport Task1.
(PDF) Sistem Energi | I Wayan Ngarayana – replace.me
BasedonthesitesurveyanddiscussionswiththelocalgovernmentofSumba Pemda andForestry Service, Sumba Tengah, Sumba timur, and Sumba Barat were found to be potential areas for Lamtoro Gung energy plantation. Komoditas utama Jagung, kemiri, siri, pinang, padi ladang, padi sawah, ubi kayu dan Peternak. Sistem minyak dan gas bumi b. Thank you so much! How do I stop FireFox from discreetly installing updates, which removes the bookmarks and seetings? Penurunan tegangan melewati R4 c. TheresultedIRRisthencomparedwith theexpectedrateofreturnonequityinvestmenttodeterminetheprojectsfinancialviability.
Recent Comments